Mouse and Special Keyboard Action with Selenium

Sometime in testing, we need to do some operations with mouse and keyboard. 
Selenium web driver directly can not handle mouse and keyboard event like double click, right click, pressing key combination in keyboard.

We can handle such type of event with Actions class in selenium webdriver. We have to create object of that class and perform action which we want.

Double Click

Syntax : action.doubleClick(WebElement).build().perform();

  Actions action = new Actions(driver);
  
  // It is google search text box
  WebElement wSearch = driver.findElement(By.id("lst-ib"));
  
  // enter 'test' on search text box and double click on that. So test will select.
  wSearch.sendKeys("test");
  action.doubleClick(wSearch).build().perform();
  Thread.sleep(2000);

ContextClick (Right Click)

Syntax : action.contextClick(WebElement).build().perform();

  Actions action = new Actions(driver);
  
  // It is google search text box
  WebElement wSearch = driver.findElement(By.id("lst-ib"));
  
  // right click on google search test box
  action.contextClick(wSearch).build().perform();
  Thread.sleep(2000);

ClickAndHold

Syntax : action.clickAndHold(WebElement);

  Actions action = new Actions(driver);
  
  // It is google search text box
  WebElement wSearch = driver.findElement(By.id("lst-ib"));
  
  // Click and hold on search text box.
  wSearch.sendKeys("test");
  action.clickAndHold(wSearch).build().perform();
  Thread.sleep(2000);

KeyDown and KeyUP

Syntax : action.keyDown(Key_modifier) and action.keyUp(Key_modifier)

Key Modifier: Keys.SHIFT, Keys.CONTROL, Keys.ALT etc.

If we want to press keyboard key on particular web element then we also need to pass that element with function.

action.keyDown(WebElement, Key_modifier)
action.keyUP(WebElement, Key_modifier)

  Actions action = new Actions(driver);
  
  // It is google Search text box
  WebElement wSearch = driver.findElement(By.id("lst-ib"));
  
  // Enter 'Selenium' in capital letters in search text box
  action.keyDown(wSearch, Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys("selenium").keyUp(wSearch, Keys.SHIFT).build().perform();
  Thread.sleep(2000);

We can also do series of multiple action with Actions class. Please visit below blog for how to do series of multiple action with Actions class.

Series of Multiple actions with Selenium

How to do Series of Multiple Mouse and Keyboard actions in Selenium

Lets take an example for understand how to do series of multiple actions with Action class.

First Scenario: 

Suppose we need to send any word to text box with upper case with out using ToUpper() function.

First we have to press and hold 'SHIFT' key then enter word which we want to send to text box then release 'SHIFT' key. It is very easy to do with Action class.

  Actions seriesOfAction = new Actions(driver);
  
  // It is google search text box
  WebElement wSearch = driver.findElement(By.id("lst-ib"));
  
  seriesOfAction.keyDown(wSearch, Keys.SHIFT)   // Press and hold 'SHIFT' key
  .sendKeys("selenium") // Send 'selenium' word
  .keyUp(wSearch, Keys.SHIFT) // Release 'SHIFT' key
  .build() // Build all actions
  .perform();  // Perform all actions in sequence

Second Scenario:

Suppose we need to enter any word to text box then copy that word and again send word to that text box.

  Actions seriesOfAction = new Actions(driver);
  
  // It is google search text box
  WebElement wSearch = driver.findElement(By.id("lst-ib"));
  
  seriesOfAction.sendKeys(wSearch, "selenium")
  .doubleClick(wSearch)  // Double click on text. So that it will select whole text
  .sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL, "c")) // Press Ctrl + C
  .sendKeys(wSearch, " ")  // For release double click and enter space after first word
  .sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL, "v")) // Press Ctrl + v  
  .build() // Build all actions
  .perform();  // Perform all actions in sequence

Please add comment if you have any question.

How to Handle Windows in Selenium

Many times we need to handle more than one windows in testing. It is due to many application has multiple windows. Handling more than one windows in selenium is very easy. We can handle each window with unique id of that window.

Selenium webdriver assign one unique alphanumeric id to each window as soon as web driver object is initiated. When we need to switch from base window to other window than we can switch to that wind using ID of that window.

GetWindowHandle

String vWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();

Use : To get Window handle (Unique ID) of current window


GetWindowHandles

Set<String> vWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();

Use : To get window handles of all windows.


We can use above to commands for switch to different window.

How to Switch to different windows?

Lets assume that current you have total three windows open and you want to switch to last window. 

String vBaseWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();
Set<String> vWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
  
for(String temp : vWindowHandles)
{
 driver.switchTo().window(temp);
}
  
// Code for second window
  
driver.close();
driver.switchTo().window(vBaseWindowHandle);

Switch To Frame

Many application has multiple frame and when we do some operation on application then other frames will visible. For this scenario we need to switch that frame if we want to do some operations on that frame.

We can switch to frame with below command.

driver.switchTo().frame("name of frame");

Other type windows like pop up and alert also exists in many applications.

Please visit below post for how to handle pop up in selenium.

How to Handle PopUp in Selenium

Please add comment if you have any question.

How to Handle PopUp in Selenium

Many application has some pop up for display some success or failure message to user. We need to handle that types of pop up in script.

There are three types of pop Up.

1. Web based pop up
2. Alert message
3. Window based pop up

How to handle web based Pop Up

Web based pop up can be handle using WindowHandle or SwitchToFrame command. First we need to identify type of pop up. 
If pop up is other window than we need to use WindowHandle command.
If pop up is just frame than we need to use SwitchToFrame command.

Using WindowHandle

  String vBaseWindowHande = driver.getWindowHandle();
  Set<String> vWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
  
  for(String temp : vWindowHandles)
  {
   driver.switchTo().window(temp);
  }
  
  // Code for Popup
  
  driver.close();
  driver.switchTo().window(vBaseWindowHande);

Using SwitchToFrame

  String vBaseWindowHande = driver.getWindowHandle();
  driver.switchTo().frame("Name of Frame");
  
  // Code for popup
  
  driver.switchTo().window(vBaseWindowHande);

How to handle Alert Message

Po pup type is alert then we have to use Alert class for handle alert.

you can use object of alert class for different operations on alert like accept, dismiss, get alert text etc.

  Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
  alert.accept();
  alert.dismiss();
  String vAlertText = alert.getText();

How to handle Windows based pop up


Selenium can not handle window bases pop up. Selenium only handle things which are based on web. There are many ways to handle window based pop up.
We can use AutoIT third party tool or Robot Framework for handle window based pop up.

Please visit below post for how to handle windows based pop up (dialog box) using AutoIT.

How to Automate Non Browser Based Functionality with Selenium + AutoIT

How to Automate Non Browser Based Functionality with Selenium + AutoIT

Selenium can automate only browser based functionality if there is scenario that any non browser based functionality like windows dialog box comes than selenium can not handle. We need to use other tool for handle such scenario.

AutoIT is best open source tool for automate non browser based functionality with selenium. We have to first configure AutoIT with selenium before use.

For configuration part please go to below link and Configure AutoIT.

Configure AutoIT with Selenium

Don't forget to register 'AutoItX3_x64.dll' because it is very important. You can not use that .dll without register.

Once you are done with configuration then create one project for automate calculator.

 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
 {  
  String jacobDllVersion;
  if (jvmBitVersion().contains("32"))
  {
   jacobDllVersion = "jacob-1.18-M2-x86.dll";
  }
  else
  {
   jacobDllVersion = "jacob-1.18-M2-x64.dll";
  }
 
  File file = new File("lib",jacobDllVersionToUse);
  System.setProperty(LibraryLoader.JACOB_DLL_PATH, file.getAbsolutePath());
 
  AutoItX autoIT = new AutoItX();
  autoIT.run("calc.exe");
  autoIT.winActivate("Calculator");
  autoIT.winWaitActive("Calculator");
  // Do 5 * 5 = 25
  //Enter 5
  autoIT.controlClick("Calculator", "", "135") ;
  Thread.sleep(1000);
  //Enter *
  autoIT.controlClick("Calculator", "", "92") ;
  Thread.sleep(1000);
  //Enter 5
  autoIT.controlClick("Calculator", "", "135") ;
  Thread.sleep(1000);
  //Enter =
  autoIT.controlClick("Calculator", "", "121") ;
  Thread.sleep(1000);
  // Get total and verify it should be 25
  String vTotal = autoIT.controlGetText("Calculator", "", "#32770");
  
  if(vTotal.equals("25"))
  {
   System.out.println("Test case Pass.");
  }
  else
  {
   System.out.println("Test case Fail.");
  }
  
 }

To get the Calculator button ids for the number 5 and = I used the Au3info application that is in the install directory of autoit-v3 that you downloaded and extracted.

Please add comment if you have any question.

Different Locators in Selenium

Locators is most important part of selenium automation because based on this we are going to find element on tha pgae. So, it locators failed to find element then our script will fail.

sometime locate accurate GUI element on page is very difficult task. Hence, Selenium provide many type of locators and we can use to find GUI element on page.

Below are different type of locators available in selenium.

• ID
• Name
• Link Text
• DOM
• CSS Selector
• Xpath

Locating By ID:

This locator technique is most common way to find element. Please see below image. we can find Google search text box with this.

Syntax:

driver.findElement(By.id("lst-ib"));

Locating By Name:

Locating by Name is same as Locating By ID just we have to use 'Name' attribute of tag instead of 'ID'.

Syntax:

driver.findElement(By.name("q"));

Locating By Link Text:

This technique is used only for finding link element on the page. It can not be used for text area, button or other type of element.

Syntax:

driver.findElement(By.linkText("Selenium - Web Browser Automation"));

Locating By CSS Selector:

CSS Selector is patterns used to find an element with combination of tag, id, class, and attributes. Locating by CSS Selector is more complicated than the other methods. It is very popular when element has no id. we can find element using tag and class.

1. Tag and ID

Syntax:

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#lst-ib"));

# sign use for indicate ID.

2. Tag and Class

Syntax:

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.gsfi"));

. sign use for indicate Class.

3. Tag and Attribute

Syntax:

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name=q]"));

4. Tag, Class and Attribute

Syntax:

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.gsfi[name=q]"));

Locating By DOM:

The Document Object Model (DOM), is the way in which HTML elements are structured. Selenium is able to use the DOM in accessing page elements. We can use ID, Name for locating element with DOM

1. ID

Syntax:

document.getElementById("lst-ib");

2. Name

Syntax:

document.getElementsByName("q");

If there is multiple elements with same name then selenium will locate first element. If we want to locate second element the we have to use index. Please see below syntax.

document.getElementsByName("q")[2];

Locating By XPath:

Xpath is my favorite locators among all. 

Xpath is used XML for locating elements. Xpath is most common and widely used for locating elements. 

Syntax:

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id = 'lst-ib']"));

We can use different locators technique simultaneously in one locators.

For ex. If we want to find button which has id = abc and value = xyz then we can do with Xpath.

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[(@id = 'abc') and (@value = 'xyz')]"));

You can find xpath of any element with chrome browser easily. Follow below steps for find xpath.

1. Righ click on that element.

2. Click on inspect element

3. Right click on highlighted part

4. Go to Copy Option

5. Click on Copy Xpath and paste it to Notepad

How to Highlight Element in Selenium

When we click on any element in automation script then sometimes script is so fast that we can not recognize that which element is clicked.

So, we can do one thing that before click on any element we can highlight that element then click on that element. So, that we can recognize that which element is clicked.

We can not directly highlight element using selenium. We need to use Java script for highlight that element. If we want to execute java script then selenium driver directly can not execute java script. We have to use 'JavascriptExecutor' for execute java script with web driver.

I have created two function one for only highlight element and second one is for highlight element and lick on that element.

First function actually works like blinking on that element.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

public void mHighlightElement(WebDriver driver, WebElement vElement) { try { //Creating JavaScriptExecuter Interface JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; for (int i=0; i<3; i++) { js.executeScript("arguments[0].style.border='4px groove blue'", vElement); Thread.sleep(1000); // wait for see blinking js.executeScript("arguments[0].style.border=''", vElement); } } catch (Exception E) { System.out.println("Error in Highlight element"); } }

Second Function

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

public void mHighlightAndClick(WebDriver driver, WebElement vElement) { JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; try { js.executeScript("arguments[0].style.border='4px groove blue'", vElement); Thread.sleep(1000); vElement.click(); } catch(Exception E) { System.out.println("Error in Highlight and click on element"); } }

Please comment if you have any question.